Absolutely fascinating. I'm sure I've read something about him because the part about the Greeks not having a modern consciousness rings a bell, but I definitely haven't read his book.
Reading the article, he has the kind of intellect I admire most - an iconoclast, willing to stand by his convictions in the teeth of a howling gale.
All sorts of recollections were stirred -
Allen Upward, on early humans, 'When people saw other people as trees walking, and trees as people standing still."
And of course, GBS in 'Man and Superman'
'The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all progress depends on the unreasonable man.'
The notion that consciousness emerges from language raises a couple of interesting thoughts as well. Do dolphins have a language?
The difference between language and communication
And here is Wittgenstein:
The whole modern conception of the world is founded on the illusion that the so-called laws of nature are the explanations of natural phenomena.
Thus people today stop at the laws of nature, treating them as something inviolable, just as God and Fate were treated in past ages. And in fact both were right and both wrong; though the view of the ancients is clearer insofar as they have an acknowledged terminus, while the modern system tries to make it look as if everything were explained.
Tractatus
Tractatus was the only work published in his lifetime, and is only 76 pages long.
Wittgenstein argues that language has an underlying logical structure, a structure that provides the limits of what can be said meaningfully, and therefore the limits of what can be thought.
"What we can say at all can be said clearly," he argues. Anything beyond that—religion, ethics, aesthetics, the mystical—cannot be discussed. They are not in themselves nonsensical, but any statement about them must be.
I find Wittgenstein interesting because he seemingly went back on his original argument in his later work, published posthumously.
I remember seeing the play Jumpers by Tom Stoppard at the National Theatre in London many years ago, in which a philosopher played by Michael Horden hilariously ties himself in verbal knots much as Wittgenstein did. He vocalizes a chain of thought that is in fact a true story:
Someone apparently went up to the great philosopher Wittgenstein and said "What a lot of m*rons back in the Middle Ages must have been to have looked, every morning, at the dawn and to have thought what they were seeing was the Sun going around the Earth," when every school kid knows that the Earth goes around the Sun, to which Wittgenstein replied, "Yeah, but I wonder what it would have looked like if the Sun had been going around the Earth?"
Critic Terry Eagleton has described Wittgenstein as the philosopher of poets and composers, playwrights and novelists.
Which raises another question. Do whales sing?