Flex Mentallo

William Sullivan believes that the only possible answer to the universality of myth is that ocean-going craft plied the seas long before currently imagined.

Hamlet's Mill "West of Libya (Africa), there is a large island on the ocean. Dense forests cover its shores and there are a lot of springs. The plains are vast and crossed by many navigable rivers". Diodorus Siculus 1st Century BC

But if these civilizations were entirely independent of each other as now believed, how then can it be that the myths they told are so strikingly similar the entire world over? At what point were these stories told, and how did they originally spread?

But the opinions of Archaeology on the development of civilization have progressed since Campbell's time and that view has radically changed. Based on recent research, it would now seem that city-based civilisations emerged more or less simultaneously in at least 6 key locations around the world.

He found striking similarities between the great world religions to support his case, which is compellingly told and monumentally researched. At the time he wrote, the orthodox view was that Sumer and Egypt predated the civilizations of Hsia (China) and Mohenjo Daro (India) and elsewhere, thus supporting the case he made for mythological diffusion.

In his towering four volume magnum opus on comparative mythology, The Masks of God, Joseph Campbell argued that such universal myths originated in the Middle East at the time of Ancient Sumer and Egypt, then were diffused around the world, arriving last in pre-Colombian South America (which at the time of writing was thought to have emerged of the great world civilizations most recently).

Dr William Sullivan calculated that the Inca myth related to events around 850AD, 650 years before the Inca Empire was founded. There are over 600 Flood Myths recounted world wide, from Siberia to Papua New Guinea. From Alaska to Hawaii.

Myths recounted in indigenous South American cultures also tell of a great flood. And as far as I know, the last culture to tell such a mythic tale is that of the Inca. "The creator god Viracocha made the earth and sky, and he created stone giants to live in it. After a while the giants became lazy and quarrelsome, and Viracocha decided to destroy them. Some he turned back to stone, and these stone statues still exist at Tiahuanaco and Pucara. He destroyed the rest with a great flood. When the flood subsided, it left the lakes Titicaca and Poopo, and it left seashells on the Altiplano at elevations of 3660 m. Viracocha saved two stone giants from the flood and with their help created people his own size. He reached down into Lake Titicaca and drew out the Sun and Moon to provide light so he could admire his new creation. In those days, the Moon was even brighter than the Sun, but the Sun grew jealous and threw ashes onto the Moon's face."

Mongolia: "Hailibu, a kind and generous hunter, saved a white snake from a crane which attacked it. Next day, he met the same snake with a retinue of other snakes. The snake told him that she was the Dragon King's daughter, and the Dragon King wished to reward him. She advised Hailibu to ask for the precious stone that the Dragon King keeps in his mouth. With that stone, she told him, he could understand the language of animals, but he would turn to stone if he ever divulged its secret to anyone else. Hailibu went to the Dragon King, turned down his many other treasures, and was given the stone. Years later, Hailibu heard some birds saying that the next day the mountains would erupt and flood the land. He went back home to warn his neighbors, but they didn't believe him. To convince them, he told them how he had learned of the coming flood and told them the full story of the precious stone. When he finished his story, he turned to stone. The villagers, seeing this happen, fled. It rained all the next night, and the mountains erupted, belching forth a great flood of water. When the people returned, they found the stone which Hailibu had turned into and placed it at the top of the mountain. For generations, they have offered sacrifices to the stone in honor of Hailibu's sacrifice."

Congo: "The sun once met the moon and threw mud at it, making it dimmer. There was a flood when this happened. Men put their milk stick behind them and were turned into monkeys. The present race of men is a recent creation."

Transylvania: "Men once lived forever and knew no troubles. The earth brought forth fine fruits, flesh grew on trees, and milk and wine flowed in many rivers. One day, and old man came to the country and asked for a night's lodging, which a couple gave him in their cottage. When he departed the next day, he said he would return in nine days. He gave his host a small fish in a vessel and said he would reward the host if he did not eat the fish but returned it then. The wife thought the fish must be exceptionally good to eat, but the husband said he had promised the old man to keep it and made the woman swear not to eat it. After two days of thinking about it, though, the wife yielded to temptation and threw the fish on the hot coals. Immediately, she was struck dead by lightning, and it began to rain. The rivers started overflowing the country. On the ninth day, the old man returned and told his host that all living things would be drowned, but since he had kept his oath, he would be saved. The old man told the host to take a wife, gather his kinfolk, and build a boat on which to save them, animals, and seeds of trees and herbs. The man did all this. It rained a year, and the waters covered everything. After a year, the waters sank, and the people and animals disembarked. They now had to labor to gain a living, and sickness and death came also. They multiplied slowly so that many thousands of years passed before people were again as numerous as they were before the flood." THE GOLDEN BOUGH

"God, upset at mankind's wickedness, resolved to destroy it, but Noah was righteous and found favor with Him. God told Noah to build an ark, 450 x 75 x 45 feet, with three decks. Noah did so, and took aboard his family (8 people in all) and pairs of all kinds of animals (7 of the clean ones). For 40 days and nights, floodwaters came from the heavens and from the deeps, until the highest mountains were covered. The waters flooded the earth for 150 days; then God sent a wind and the waters receded, and the ark came to rest in Ararat. After 40 days, Noah sent out a raven, which kept flying until the waters had dried up. He next sent out a dove, which returned without finding a perch. A week later he set out the dove again, and it returned with an olive leaf. The next week, the dove didn't return. After a year and 10 days from the start of the flood, everyone and everything emerged from the ark." GENESIS

The Bible describes a deluge for 40 days and 40 nights that created a flood so great that Noah was stuck in his ark for two weeks until the water subsided.

Afterward, a cyclone pummeled the Fertile Crescent and caused a massive flood. After the Deluge the gods repented their action and made Utnapishtim immortal.

Gilgamesh, seeking immortality, searches out Utnapishtim in Dilmun, a kind of paradise on earth. Utnapishtim tells how Ea warned him of the gods' plan to destroy all life through a great flood and instructed him to build a vessel in which he could save his family, his friends, and his wealth and cattle. He saw a pillar of black smoke on the horizon before the sky went dark for a week.

The Flood is first mentioned in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which predates the Bible by thousands of years and is the earliest known work of literature. Gilgamesh is a historically verified early King of Uruk, who ruled around 2600 BC.

FLUDD

Within hours, the infusion of heat and moisture blasted its way into jet streams and spawned superhurricanes that pummeled the other side of the planet. For about a week, material ejected into the atmosphere plunged the world into darkness. All told, up to 80 percent of the world’s population may have perished, making it the single most lethal event in history.

The ensuing cataclysm sent a series of 600-foot-high tsunamis crashing against the world’s coastlines and injected plumes of superheated water vapor and aerosol particulates into the atmosphere.

5,000 years ago, a 3-mile-wide ball of rock and ice swung around the sun and smashed into the ocean off the coast of Madagascar.

"A louse and a flea were brewing beer in an eggshell. The louse fell in and burnt herself. This made the flea weep, which made the door creak, which made the broom sweep, which made the cart run, which made the ash-heap burn, which made the tree shake itself, which made the girl break her water-pitcher, which made the spring begin to flow. And in the spring's water everything was drowned." THE BROTHERS GRIMM

Way to go Jack! I've been looking for those two and a handful of other GGA Wings covers for years and years! And those are beauties!

My favorite Jungle cover.

Beautiful colors!